Speaking Willow

RAFAEL LOZANO-HEMMER

(b. 1967, Mexico City)

Speaking Willow

Aluminum sculpture, custom-made speakers and electronics, LED lights, computer, patch bays, 364 unique language recordings on micro-SD cards, 3D cameras, and 3.6 miles (5.8 km) of Ethernet cable

Planet Word, Gift of Ann and Tom Friedman

Commissioned in partnership with Public Art Fund

Symbolizing life, wisdom, and organic growth, the willow tree is a fitting metaphor for the unique but interrelated languages spoken today. Mexican-Canadian artist Rafael Lozano-Hemmer conceived of his interactive sculpture Speaking Willow to celebrate the world’s rich linguistic diversity. As visitors pass beneath the tree’s branches, they activate the bell-shaped speakers suspended directly overhead. Each speaker has been programmed with sample recordings of a different language. Together, they represent the native tongues of over 99% of the planet’s population. A walk around Speaking Willow evokes a journey around the world; it reminds us that language is what defines our specific communities and connects our many cultures.

Since the early 1990’s, Lozano-Hemmer has integrated artistic disciplines ranging from architecture to digital media to create experiential works that offer possibilities for social connection and free expression. Many of the artist’s interactive installations enable the public to participate in the artwork’s creation. Lozano-Hemmer is known for transforming intangible traces of human experience — voices, movement, breath, touch, heartbeats, and facial expressions — into monumental displays of light, image, and sound. His installations often animate vast public spaces and simultaneously amplify the voice of the individual, while evoking the power of collective voices. A trilingual speaker of Spanish, English, and French, Lozano-Hemmer frequently explores the phenomena of language, writing, and coding in his works. Speaking Willow’s synchronized play of light and language recalls the photophone, the first device to transmit the human voice on a beam of light. A precursor to today’s wireless communication technologies, the photophone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell, who first tested it in 1880 on the roof of the Franklin School building, today the home of Planet Word. Speaking Willow is the artist’s first permanent outdoor commission. Lozano-Hemmer lives and works in Montreal.

Speaking Willow is a biomimetic sculpture with speakers that gently sway in the wind and respond to the presence of passers-by. The interaction is subtle and evokes the fragility and beauty of spoken communication, aural perception, and oral history. The recordings consist of general statements relating to each language and its culture, highlighting the distinct rhythms, intonations, emphases, and textures that make each one unique.”

— Rafael Lozano-Hemmer

For more information about Rafael Lozano-Hemmer, please visit www.lozano-hemmer.com

List of Languages

The language samples featured in Speaking Willow were originally recorded and published by Wikitongues and Endangered Language Alliance; for a complete list of included languages, please click “Language Credits” below.

Abruzzese, spoken by Stefano (Courtesy of Wikitongues)
Abzakh
, spoken by Abide (Courtesy of Endangered Language Alliance)
Acehnese, spoken by T.A. Sakti, Iqbal Hafidh, and M. Kalam Daud (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Nabil Berri)
Afrikaans, spoken by Jeremi and Lindie (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Lindie Botes)
Afro-Seminole Creole, spoken by Bertha (Courtesy of Wikitongues, Daniel Bogre Udell, and Crawford Hunt)
Albanian (Arbëreshë), spoken by Giuseppina and Stefano (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Plator Gashi)
Albanian (Gheg)
, spoken by Plator, Irena, and Gjyste (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Plator Gashi)
Albanian (Standard)
, spoken by Pavlin (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Madeleine Koerner)
Albanian (Tosk), spoken by Enkelejd (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Plator Gashi)
Alsatian, spoken by Dominique (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Kristen Tcherneshoff)
Amarasi
, spoken by Yedida (Courtesy of Endangered Language Alliance)
Ambae (North), spoken by Daisy (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Sarah Doyle)
Ambae (West), spoken by Regianna (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Sarah Doyle)
Ambonese Creole, spoken by Nila (Courtesy of Wikitongues and LuisMiguel Rojas-Berscia)
Amharic, spoken by Semere and Yabi (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Elise Lieberman)
Arabic, spoken by Yochai (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Bogre Udell)
Arabic (Moroccan), spoken by Anass (Courtesy of Wikitongues)
Arabic (Tunisian Spoken), spoken by Afek (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Anass Sendrati)
Aranese, spoken by Josèp, Fugi, Sònia, and Ares (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Bogre Udell)
Armenian, spoken by Irina and Ani (Courtesy of Wikitongues, Kristen Tcherneshoff, and Jonas Racine)
Aromanian, spoken by Stere and Angel (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Plator Gashi)
Atlaans, spoken by Rolf (Courtesy of Wikitongues)
Aymara (Central), spoken by Martha (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Bogre Udell)
Azerbaijani (North), spoken by Galib (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Pau Mateo)
Bagri, spoken by Raj (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Satdeep Gill)
Bahasa Indonesia, spoken by Nila (Courtesy of Wikitongues and LuisMiguel Rojas-Berscia)
Bah-Biau Punan, spoken by Puing Ake’ Kuking (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Jemarang Calvin)
Balesori/Baleswari, spoken by Musamoni (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Subhashish Panigrahi)
Batak Toba, spoken by Andi (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Teddy Nee)
Bavarian, spoken by Carolin (Courtesy of Wikitongues)
Bekati Sebetung Menyala, spoken by Yulius (Courtesy of Kunto Nurcahyoko)
Belarusan, spoken by Pavel (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Plator Gashi)
Bemba, spoken by Brian Mumba (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Chabota Kanguya)
Bengali, spoken by Sanjoy and Ayesha (Courtesy of Wikitongues, Lindie Botes, and Manjusha Raveendran)
Benyadu, spoken by Hendrik (Courtesy of Kunto Nurcahyoko)
Beria (Zaghawa), spoken by Mohamed (Courtesy of Endangered Language Alliance)
Bhojpuri, spoken by Nimita (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Hardeep Singh)
Bislama (Neverver), spoken by Ladonna (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Sarah Doyle)
Bosnian, spoken by Benjamin (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Plator Gashi)
Breton, spoken by Myrizinn, Yann, Wayne, Iain William, and Alexander (Courtesy of Wikitongues, Timothy McKeon, and Wayne Mockerman)
Bribri, spoken by Robert and Emiliano (Courtesy of Endangered Language Alliance)
Bukhori, spoken by Rabbi Babayev (Courtesy of Endangered Language Alliance)
Burmese, spoken by Thadoe (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Elise Lieberman)
Cacalotepec Mixe
, spoken by René (Courtesy of Endangered Language Alliance)
Cantonese, spoken by Joyce, Rachal, and Karen (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Bogre Udell)
Catalan, spoken by Ona, Joan-Lluís, Anita, and Artur (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Bogre Udell)
Chinese (Gan), spoken by Cindy (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Kristen Tcherneshoff)
Chukchi, spoken by Evgenii (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Robert Keresztesy)
Chuwabo, spoken by Aldade (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Sarah Doyle)
Circassian, spoken by Yinal (Courtesy of Wikitongues and John Kazaklis)
Cornish, spoken by Marty and Elizabeth (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Bogre Udell)
Croatian, spoken by Sebastijan and Nela (Courtesy of Wikitongues, Plator Gashi, Daniel Bogre Udell, and Cameron Willis)
Crow, spoken by Tylis (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Yuliya Manyakina)
Daakaka, spoken by Tio Bang (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Sarah Doyle)
Dagbani, spoken by Mohammed (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Bogre Udell)
Danish, spoken by Lena and Riike (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Plator Gashi)
Dela, spoken by Bernard (Courtesy of Endangered Language Alliance)
Dhao, spoken by Juliana (Courtesy of Endangered Language Alliance)
Doteli (Achhami Dialect), spoken by Anonymous (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Subhashish Panigrahi)
Drehu, spoken by Simane (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Sarah Doyle)
Dunan, spoken by Naruko (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Seth Wyatt)
Dutch, spoken by Bart (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Bogre Udell)
English
, spoken by Ciaran, Lee, Leslie, Michael, Landon, Natasha, Jane, Michell, Liam, Jennifer, Caitlin, Alexis, David, and Dora (Courtesy of Wikitongues, Freddie Andrade, Daniel Bogre Udell, and Lindie Botes)
English (Patois), spoken by Omar (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Bogre Udell)
English (Bermudian), spoken by Trey (Courtesy of Wikitongues)
Esperanto, spoken by Rachael (Courtesy of Wikitongues)
Euskara, spoken by Txeli (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Richard Benton)
Evenki, spoken by Varvara (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Kristen Tcherneshoff)
Extremaduran, spoken by Daniel (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Guillem Belmar)
Farsi, spoken by Majid and Daniel (Courtesy of Wikitongues, Daniel Bogre Udell, and Tushar Rakheja)
Falam, spoken by Tay Za (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Khup Lal)
Fataleka (West), spoken by Michael (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Sarah Meltzoff)
Finnish, spoken by Päivi (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Bogre Udell)
Finnish (Swedish), spoken by Max (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Plator Gashi)
French, spoken by Camille (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Bogre Udell)
French (Louisiana)
, spoken by Horace (Courtesy of Wikitongues, Freddie Andrade, and Daniel Bogre Udell)
French (New England), spoken by Christian (Courtesy of Wikitongues)
French (Québec), spoken by Maxime (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Maxime Rioux)
Fula, spoken by Alim (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Ferran López Abad)
Gaa, spoken by Samuel (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Samuel Okpoti)
Galician, spoken by Luis and Artur (Courtesy of Wikitongues, Daniel Bogre Udell, and Plator Gashi)
Galolen, spoken by Joao Cristo (Courtesy of Endangered Language Alliance)
Garifuna, spoken by Pablo (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Bogre Udell)
German, spoken by Pascal and Yannic (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Bogre Udell)
German (Pennsylvania), spoken by Dale (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Bogre Udell)
German (Swiss), spoken by Fabia, Anthony, and Dessire (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Bogre Udell)
Gikuyu, spoken by Stephen (Courtesy of Wikitongues, Freddie Andrade, and Daniel Bogre Udell)
Gio, spoken by Robertson (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Milea Lind)
Gorani Našinski, spoken by Ajriz (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Plator Gashi)
Grebo (Southern), spoken by Esther (Courtesy of Wikitongues)
Greek, spoken by Kostas (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Bogre Udell)
Griko, spoken by Giuseppe (Courtesy of Wikitongues)
Gronings, spoken by Theo (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Guillem Belmar)
Gurung, spoken by Narayan (Courtesy of Endangered Language Alliance)
Gwich’in, spoken by Allan (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Sam Osborn)
Haitian, spoken by Casteline (Courtesy of Wikitongues)
Hausa, spoken by Ali (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Orsi Jenei)
Hawu, spoken by Tris (Courtesy of Endangered Language Alliance)
Helong, spoken by Marta Balle (Courtesy of Endangered Language Alliance)
Henan Dialect, spoken by Ying (Courtesy of Wikitongues)
Herero, spoken by Pamela (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Musuweu Theron)
Hessian, spoken by Octavia (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Bogre Udell)
Hindi, spoken by Kavyanjali (Courtesy of Wikitongues)
Hungarian, spoken by Orsolya (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Plator Gashi)
Hungarian (Csángó), spoken by Tereza (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Robert Keresztesy)
Icelandic, spoken by Ljóni (Courtesy of Wikitongues)
Igbo, spoken by Valentine (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Noah Sullivan)
Ilocano, spoken by June (Courtesy of Wikitongues, Daniel Bogre Udell, and Jose Antonio Gerundio Piscano)
Indonesian, spoken by Argo (Courtesy of Wikitongues)
Italian, spoken by Sebastiano (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Bogre Udell)
Italian (Piemontese), spoken by Annita (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Maddalena Brunasti)
Iraqw, spoken by Xwatsá and Basilisa (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Amy Catling)
Irish, spoken by Sorcha, Siobhán, and Prionsías (Courtesy of Wikitongues, Plator Gashi, and Daniel Bogre Udell)
Jamaican Patois, spoken by Venecia (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Bogre Udell)
Javanese, spoken by Nila and Ayu (Courtesy of Wikitongues, LuisMiguel Rojas-Berscia, and Fiel Sahir)
Jeju, spoken by Hyun (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Alaric Naudé)
Judeo-Kashani, spoken by Habib and Ross (Courtesy of Endangered Language Alliance)
Ju|’hoan, spoken by Classen (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Musuweu Theron)
Juhuri, spoken by Yakov and Simon (Courtesy of Endangered Language Alliance)
Kabyle, spoken by Sophia and Ghiles (Courtesy of Wikitongues, Ghiles Melahnouche, and Kristen Tcherneshoff)
Kanuri, spoken by Ali (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Orsi Jenei)
Karen (S’gaw), spoken by Sunkist (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Kevin Holohan)
Karpo, spoken by Louis (Courtesy of Wikitongues)
Kashmiri, spoken by Aakriti (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Tushar Rakheja)
Khmer, spoken by Michael (Courtesy of Wikitongues, Freddie Andrade, and Daniel Bogre Udell)
Khmu, spoken by Anonymous (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Lena Nitsche)
K’iche’, spoken by Carlos (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Lindsay Williams)
Kigiryama, spoken by Saro (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Hugo Campbell)
Kikamba, spoken by Rose (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Teja Jonnalagadda)
Kimbundu, spoken by António (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Stefan Hélder)
Klao, spoken by John (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Gwen Martin)
Koda, spoken by Arun and Shohag (Courtesy of Endangered Language Alliance)
Konkani, spoken by Ashwath (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Manjusha Raveendran)
Konobo, spoken by Jackson (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Doorey Chung)
Korean, spoken by Tom (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Ian Szterenzys)
Krio, spoken by Dorian (Courtesy of Wikitongues)
Kukama, spoken by Nilo (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Bogre Udell)
Kumaoni (Hindi), spoken by Muktesh (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Hardeep Singh)
Kurmanji, spoken by Mohamad (Courtesy of Wikitongues)
Lacandon, spoken by Ross (Courtesy of Wikitongues)
Lakota, spoken by Junior (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Yuliya Manyakina)
Latin, spoken by Titus (Courtesy of Wikitongues)
Lao, spoken by La and Maly (Courtesy of Wikitongues, Lena Nitsche, and Jeremy Inthisane)
Lau, spoken by Paul (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Sarah Doyle)
Lehali, spoken by Anna (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Sarah Doyle)
Lemerig, spoken by Isso (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Krauße)
Limburgish, spoken by Ron (Courtesy of Wikitongues)
Lingit, spoken by Lgeik’i Heather and Naakil.aan Hans (Courtesy of Wikitongues and A Douglas Callendar)
Linhainese (Linhai Hua), spoken by Charles (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Ivan Batishchev)
Lithuanian, spoken by Erika (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Plator Gashi)
Livonian, spoken by Grizelda (Courtesy of Endangered Language Alliance)
Lojban, spoken by John (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Bogre Udell)
Lombard, spoken by Pietro and Matteo (Courtesy of Wikitongues)
Lo-Toga, spoken by Kami (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Sarah Doyle)
Luganda, spoken by Twaha (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Bogre Udell)
Macedonian, spoken by Dragan (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Plator Gashi)
Magar (Western)
, spoken by Sangini (Courtesy of Endangered Language Alliance)
Malagasy (Plateau), spoken by Miarisoa, Haingo, and Candy (Courtesy of Wikitongues, Lindie Botes, Harry Wilson, and Daniel Bogre Udell)
Malay (Standard), spoken by Senful (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Kristen Tcherneshoff)
Mambae, spoken by Carlos (Courtesy of Endangered Language Alliance)
Mandarin, spoken by Wanyu and YiShan (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Bogre Udell)
Mandarin (Southwestern, Guiyangese Dialect), spoken by Chaofen and Changjiu (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Brian Zhao)
Mano, spoken by Genesis (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Mike Pistininzi)
Manx, spoken by Owen (Courtesy of Wikitongues)
Mapudungun, spoken by Victor (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Hugo Campbell)
Martinique Creole, spoken by Tory (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Bogre Udell)
Marwari, spoken by Aditya (Courtesy of Wikitongues)
Masalit, spoken by Daowd (Courtesy of Endangered Language Alliance)
Maya (Yucatec), spoken by Hilario and Manuel (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Nat Pendleton)
Mekeo, spoken by Lucy (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Sarah Doyle)
Minangkabau, spoken by Darma (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Argo Cayhadi)
Mirandese, spoken by Isabel, António, Domingos, Porfirio, Aurora, and Ademar (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Bogre Udell)
Mixtec, spoken by Ofelia and Cristina (Courtesy of Endangered Language Alliance)
Miyako, spoken by Hiroyuki (Courtesy of Wikitongues and A Douglas Callendar)
Musi, spoken by Finny (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Nur Fahmia)
Mustangi (Baragaon), spoken by Bhuti and Lhencham (Courtesy of Endangered Language Alliance)
Mwotlap, spoken by Serah (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Sarah Doyle)
Nafasana, spoken by Lopez (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Sarah Doyle)
Nahuatl, spoken by Irwin (Courtesy of Endangered Language Alliance) and Javier (Courtesy of Wikitongues, Freddie Andrade, and Daniel Bogre Udell)
Namakura, spoken by James (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Sarah Doyle)
Niuafo’ou, spoken by Nicholas (Courtesy of Wikitongues)
Nur, spoken by James (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Richard Benton)
Nuyoo Mixtec, spoken by Nezahualcoyotl (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Gary Quintanilla Ordoñez)
Nyanja (Simplified), spoken by Chabota (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Bogre Udell)
Nyindu, spoken by Jeremie (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Hangi Bulebe Méthodes)
Oiltjers, spoken by Yorick (Courtesy of Wikitongues)
Oshiwambo, spoken by Hannah (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Musuweu Theron Kolokwe)
Osing
, spoken by Dimas (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Nur Fahmia)
Ossetian (Iron and Digorsky), spoken by Alana (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Elise Lieberman)
Otavalo Kichwa, spoken by Luzmila (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Bogre Udell)
Palauan, spoken by Oluchel (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Elise Lieberman)
Piemontese, spoken by Simon (Courtesy of Wikitongues)
Po Naszymu, spoken by Otmar (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Robert Keresztesy)
Polish, spoken by Marta and Krzyś (Courtesy of Wikitongues, Pau Mateo, and Daniel Bogre Udell)
Pomak, spoken by Sali (Courtesy of Wikitongues and John Kazaklis)
Portuguese, spoken by Freddie, Julia, Kevin, Sara, and Aldade (Courtesy of Wikitongues, Freddie Andrade, Daniel Bogre Udell, and Guillem Belmar)
Portuguese (Angolan), spoken by Stéfane (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Stefan Hélder)
Portuguese (Sena), spoken by Manuel (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Sarah Doyle)
Pular, spoken by Ibrahima (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Peter Julian Stewart)
Purépecha, spoken by Rosalba and Alex (Courtesy of Endangered Language Alliance)
Rikou, spoken by Nona (Courtesy of Endangered Language Alliance)
Romagnol, spoken by Giacomo and Danio (Courtesy of Wikitongues, Daniel Bogre Udell, and Hugo Campbell)
Romani (Standard), spoken by Daut (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Plator Gashi)
Romaniote (Judeo-Greek), spoken by Sol (Courtesy of Endangered Language Alliance)
Romansh, spoken by Amalia and Daniel (Courtesy of Endangered Language Alliance)
Saami (North), spoken by Lene and Børre (Courtesy of Wikitongues Astrid Carlsen)
Sardinian (Gallurese), spoken by Ricardo (Courtesy of Wikitongues)
Scots (Doric), spoken by David (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Bogre Udell)
Scots (Shetlandic), spoken by Christine (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Bogre Udell)
Scottish Gaelic, spoken by Iain, Rosemary, Donald, Àdhamh, and Alan (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Bogre Udell)
Seke, spoken by Rasmina (Courtesy of Endangered Language Alliance)
Serbian, spoken by Slobodan and Dragan (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Plator Gashi)
Shangaan, spoken by Isaias (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Sarah Doyle)
Shanghainese (Shanghai Hua), spoken by Ivy (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Ivan Batishchev)
Shimwali, spoken by Imouda (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Ashly Bloxon)
Shipiba, spoken by Luz (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Bogre Udell)
Shona, spoken by Tatenda (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Bogre Udell)
Shughni, spoken by Alidod, Gulrez, and Majnunova (Courtesy of Endangered Language Alliance)
Sicilian, spoken by Steven (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Nick Panzarella)
Sindhi, spoken by Mazhar (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Mazhar Ali Dootio)
Siyi Yue, spoken by Joseph (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Joseph Ho)
Slovene, spoken by Matic (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Plator Gashi)
Solandro, spoken by Andrea (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Hugo Campbell)
Sorani Kurdish, spoken by Golala (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Irena Dahl)
Sorbian (Upper), spoken by Rejzka (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Plator Gashi)
Sotho (Northern), spoken by Edgar (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Kristen Tcherneshoff)
Spanish, spoken by Regina, Enrique, Leo, Joaquin, Isabel, Conor, and Edith (Courtesy of Wikitongues, Daniel Bogre Udell, and Maxi Salomone)
Spanish (Central American), spoken by Azariah (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Lindie Botes)
Spanish (Taino), spoken by Areitoyaya (Courtesy of Wikitongues)
St’át’imcets, spoken by Lorna (Courtesy of Endangered Language Alliance)
Sukuma, spoken by Peji (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Bogre Udell)
Swabian, spoken by Anne (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Lindie Botes)
Swabian (Hungarian), spoken by Mária (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Márton Tóth)
Swahili, spoken by Leonhard (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Sarah Doyle)
Swedish, spoken by Hani (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Pau Mateo)
Swedish (Halländska), spoken by Alexandra (Courtesy of Wikitongues)
Tatar, spoken by Chingis (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Rustem Gimadutdinov)
Tatar (Crimean), spoken by Neceadin (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Robert Keresztesy)
Telugu, spoken by Naren (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Naren Yellavula)
Tenec, spoken by Luis (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Gary Quintanilla Ordoñez)
Thai, spoken by Dang (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Bogre Udell)
Tharu
, spoken by Sanjib (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Bogre Udell)
Tibetan, spoken by Tsejin and Dekyi (Courtesy of Endangered Language Alliance)
Tibetan (Central), spoken by Tenzin (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Bogre Udell)
Tii, spoken by Enna (Courtesy of Endangered Language Alliance)
Tlapanec (Me’phaa), spoken by Zenaida (Courtesy of Endangered Language Alliance)
Tobian, spoken by Marcus (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Connie Ngirchemat)
Tojolabal, spoken by Bety (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Crawford Hunt)
Tok Pisin, spoken by Priscilla (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Teddy Nee)
Totonac, spoken by José (Courtesy of Endangered Language Alliance) and Manuel (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Bogre Udell)
Totonac (Ozumatlán), spoken by Zeferino (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Bogre Udell)
Transylvanian Saxon, spoken by Thomas (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Robert Keresztesy)
Triestine, spoken by Arlon (Courtesy of Wikitongues)
Trigolese, spoken by Roberta (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Ivan Batishchev)
Tsou, spoken by Baitz (Courtesy of Endangered Language Alliance)
Tulu, spoken by Vishwanatha (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Ashay Badikana)
Turkish, spoken by Recep and Ela (Courtesy of Wikitongues, Deniz Yükselen, and Plator Gashi)
Twi, spoken by Raphael and Theresa (Courtesy of Wikitongues, Satdeep Gill, and Fiel Sahir)
Uab Meto, spoken by Lebrina (Courtesy of Endangered Language Alliance)
Ukrainian, spoken by Kateryna and Vira (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Kristen Tcherneshoff)
Urdu, spoken by Sidra (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Pau Mateo)
Uyghur, spoken by Mustafa, Gulnisa, and Elise (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Ben Jones-White)
Vai, spoken by Varney and Omoru (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Stephen Pasinski)
Vlach, spoken by Fanny (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Lindie Botes)
Võro, spoken by Tuulõ (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Kristen Tcherneshoff)
Wae Rebo Manggarai, spoken by Sita (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Athina Ardhyanto)
Waⁿdat, spoken by Richard (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Richard Zane-Smith)
Welsh, spoken by Sandra, Nigel, and Hywel (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Bogre Udell)
XiTsonga, spoken by Amu (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Lindie Botes)
Yiddish (Eastern), spoken by Suri (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Timothy McKeon)
Yola, spoken by Ryan (Courtesy of Wikitongues)
Yoruba, spoken by Olaniyan (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Bogre Udell)
Yshyr, spoken by Andrés (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Bogre Udell)
Zapotec (San Juan Guelavía), spoken by Román (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Bogre Udell)
Zaza (Northern)
, spoken by Hayri (Courtesy of Endangered Language Alliance)
Zaza (Southern), spoken by Gülistan (Courtesy of Endangered Language Alliance)
Zazaki (Northern), spoken by Gül (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Deniz Yükselen)
Zeeuws, spoken by Klazina and Huib (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Daniel Bogre Udell)
Zom, spoken by Khup (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Sarah Meltzoff)
Zulu, spoken by Lolly (Courtesy of Wikitongues and Lindie Botes)

Acknowledgments

Rafael Lozano-Hemmer gratefully acknowledges Antimodular Research (Rebecca Murdock, Caroline Record, Stephan Schulz, Sarah Amarica, Carolina Murillo Morales, Jesse Morrison, Mariana Yañez, Susie Ramsay, Karine Charbonneau, Kitae Kim, Tegan Scott, Matthew Palmer, Pipo Pierre Louis, Guillaume Tremblay, Milan Simas, and Miguel Legault), UAP (Kevin Davey, Sean Kizy), Cross Museum Services (Rachel Schmidt, Bernie Braun), and Nottus Concept (Mark Sutton, William Sutton).